Health

Severe obesity among children aged 10 to 11 at record high


Levels of severe obesity among children in the last year of primary school have hit an all-time high, according to official figures that have dismayed public health experts.

A day after the outgoing chief medical officer called for bold action from the government to tackle childhood obesity, data from the child measurement programme showed 4.4% (26,000) of year 6 children, aged 10 to 11, were severely obese, a definition which means they need medical help.

In England, this is the fourth consecutive year that severe obesity in year 6 has broken records, and it is up more than a third since 2006. Overweight and obesity generally in year 6 has remained stable, affecting more than a third of children (34.3%).

Overweight and obesity has continued to rise among the youngest children in the report, those aged four to five, increasing from 22.4% in the previous year to 22.6% and affecting more than 135,000 children.

The figures are highest among children from the most deprived communities, where 13.3% of four- to five-year-olds are obese, compared with 5.9% in the most affluent areas. Overweight and obesity prevalence in year 6 is 26.9% in the most deprived areas, compared with 11.4% in the least deprived.

Year 6 severe obesity graph

Public Health England said the figures showed the “importance of serious action from all sectors, including the government’s steps to tackle childhood obesity, such as its challenge to the food industry to reduce 20% of sugar and calories in everyday foods consumed regularly by children”.

Food companies have so far managed less than a 5% reduction in sugar over two years. The tax on sugary drinks, however, has resulted in manufacturers cutting the sugar content by nearly 29%.

Children who are obese experience bullying and low self-esteem and are at risk of serious long-term health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart conditions and cancer.

Eating too much sugar contributes to people having too many calories during the day, which can lead to weight gain. Being overweight increases the risk of health problems such as heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer. Sugar is also one of the main causes of tooth decay. 

The NHS advises that most adults and children in the UK eat too much of a type of sugar called ‘free sugars’. These are the sugars added to food and drinks, found in biscuits, chocolate, breakfast cereals and fizzy drinks. But they are also found naturally in honey and unsweetened fruit juices.

The UK government’s recommendation is that these ‘free sugars’ should not make up more than 5% of the calories you have every day. That is still quite a lot of sugar – it equates to seven sugar cubes worth for an adult. But bear in mind that one can of a fizzy drink can include the equivalent of 9 cubes of sugar. Children under 4 should avoid all sugar-sweetened drinks and food with added ‘free sugars’ in it.

Martin Belam

“Every child has the right to grow up healthy, but this data shows the stark reality is that children are being overwhelmed by a flood of unhealthy food in our environment,” said Caroline Cerny of the Obesity Health Alliance, which speaks for a wide range of health bodies. “The number of children with a weight classified as severely obese is at an all-time high and this will damage their health now and in the future.

“This is a problem that can be fixed with bold and comprehensive action from our politicians who have the power to shape the environment our children are growing up in. It’s time for the government to bring in the measures that we know will stem the tide of unhealthy food marketing and promotions, starting with the long overdue 9pm watershed on junk food adverts on TV and online.”

Jo Churchill, the public health minister, said the government’s obesity plan would help families make healthy choices. “These data highlight once again how important it is for us to tackle childhood obesity, which has a devastating impact on the health of our children. This problem has been decades in the making but we can turn this around,” she said.

The figures emerged as a report sounded the alarm over the scale of obesity in countries that are part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Obesity-related diseases will claim more than 90 million lives in OECD countries in the next 30 years, with life expectancy reduced by nearly three years, it said. GDP in those countries is expected to drop by 3.3% as a result.

More than half the population is overweight in 34 out of 36 OECD countries, the report said, and almost one in four people are obese. Average rates of adult obesity in OECD countries have increased from 21% in 2010 to 24% in 2016, meaning an additional 50 million people are now obese.



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